Cervical cancer is arguably the most common cause of cancer deaths in women in india and the 2nd most common cause od cancer deaths in women world wide. Cervical cancer symptoms often go unnoticed because they mimic so many other ailments. Many women pass these symptoms off as PMS or ovulation pains. Many times, however, cervical cancer has no symptoms or symptoms aren't experienced until the disease has progressed! This is why the Pap smear is so important! The Pap smear can detect abnormal cervical changes years before they become cancerous and begin to produce symptoms. Early Cervical Cancer Symptoms In the early stages of cervical cancer, there are rarely any symptoms. Although cervical cancer can be diagnosed in its early stages by a routine Pap smear, usually no apparent symptoms would indicate cancer is present. This is why having a regular Pap smear is vital to early detection. Cervical Cancer Symptoms in Later Stages As cervical cancer progresses into more advanced stages, symptoms begin to appear. Cervical cancer symptoms include: Pelvic pain.Persistent pelvic pain unrelated to other conditions, menstruation, or physical exertion can be a symptom of cervical cancer. "Pelvic Pain: Could It Mean Cervical Cancer? Pain during sexual intercourse. Some women with cervical cancer may experience pain during vaginal intercourse. Abnormal vaginal bleeding. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most commonly experienced cervical cancer symptom. Women should be aware of post-coital bleeding (bleeding after sex), bleeding after douching, heavy periods, heavy spotting between periods, or an additional period during the monthly cycle. Any heavy, sudden onset of abnormal vaginal bleeding should be reported to your physician immediately. Vaginal discharge. A vaginal discharge is a common symptom related to many women's conditions. In advanced cervical cancer, a vaginal discharge may be present and may or may not have an odor. When to have Pap Smear Test? You should have your first Pap smear test when you attain the age of 18 or when you starting having sex, whichever is earlier. Thereafter, the test should be taken once a year, till the time you've had at least 3 normal ones. After this stage has passed, go for test every 3 years, till the time you attain menopause. Screening Test for Cervical Cancer (Procedure) For conducting the Pap smear test, the doctor takes a sample of cells, from the cervix of a female, to be tested. For the purpose, he inserts a special instrument, known as a speculum, into the vagina. This enables the opening up of the vagina, so that the sample can be taken easily. The doctor cleans the cervix with a cotton swab and then, collects a sample of cells with a small brush, a tiny spatula or a cotton swab. The sample is then put on a slide and finally, sent for testing to see whether normal cells are dormant or turning into cancer cells. Results If the Pap smear test is negative, it means that the result is normal. However, if by any chance, the test turns out to be positive, you have reasons for worry. Positive or abnormal Pap smear results mean that you have changes in the cells on your cervix. The changes might indicate towards: Inflammation - This is usually the result of an infection of the cervix. It might be a yeast infection, infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), infection with herpes virus or some other problem. Dysplasia - Early signs of cancer Carcinoma in Situ - Cancer cells affecting only the top layers of the cervix (but not going beyond the cervix) Advanced Cancer What Next After the Pap smear result test turns out to be positive, you doctor will either advise you to go for another Pap smear or to have a Colposcopy. Under a Colposcopy, the doctor takes a better look at the cervix. For this, he will use an instrument called a colposcope, which will throw a light on your cervix and magnify it. Thereafter, he will take a sample of tissue (called a biopsy). He will then explain the results and finally, tell you about the various treatment options.
Poorni, Thanks for sharing the information about Pap Smear. Off Topic: As you are a doctor, i want to ask this question. Can oral cancer be cured after radiation and chemo?
yes nimmy. most oral cavity cancers are squamous cell carcinomas which respond to radio / chemo therapy. but it depends on the stage of the cancer too.
thanx shiv! i hope people are aware that this killer disease begins in the reproductive age group. so pls be aware and get the pap done regularly.