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dengue (everyone must read)

Discussion in 'Health Issues' started by gopinath, Oct 18, 2012.

  1. gopinath

    gopinath Silver IL'ite

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    Transmission

    [​IMG] WHO/TDR/Stammers

    The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of dengue. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes. After virus incubation for 4–10 days, an infected mosquito is capable of transmitting the virus for the rest of its life.
    Infected humans are the main carriers and multipliers of the virus, serving as a source of the virus for uninfected mosquitoes. Patients who are already infected with the dengue virus can transmit the infection (for 4–5 days; maximum 12) via Aedes mosquitoes after their first symptoms appear.
    The Aedes aegypti mosquito lives in urban habitats and breeds mostly in man-made containers. Unlike other mosquitoes Ae. aegypti is a daytime feeder; its peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk. Female Ae. aegypti bites multiple people during each feeding period.
    Aedes albopictus, a secondary dengue vector in Asia, has spread to North America and Europe largely due to the international trade in used tyres (a breeding habitat) and other goods (e.g. lucky bamboo). Ae. albopictus is highly adaptive and therefore can survive in cooler temperate regions of Europe. Its spread is due to its tolerance to temperatures below freezing, hibernation, and ability to shelter in microhabitats.
    Characteristics

    Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death.
    Dengue should be suspected when a high fever (40°C/ 104°F) is accompanied by two of the following symptoms: severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands or rash. Symptoms usually last for 2–7 days, after an incubation period of 4–10 days after the bite from an infected mosquito.
    Severe dengue is a potentially deadly complication due to plasma leaking, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment. Warning signs occur 3–7 days after the first symptoms in conjunction with a decrease in temperature (below 38°C/ 100°F) and include: severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, fatigue, restlessness, blood in vomit. The next 24–48 hours of the critical stage can be lethal; proper medical care is needed to avoid complications and risk of death.
    Treatment

    There is no specific treatment for dengue fever.
    For severe dengue, medical care by physicians and nurses experienced with the effects and progression of the disease can save lives – decreasing mortality rates from more than 20% to less than 1%. Maintenance of the patient's body fluid volume is critical to severe dengue care.
    Immunization

    There is no vaccine to protect against dengue. Developing a vaccine against dengue/ severe dengue has been challenging although there has been recent progress in vaccine development. WHO provides technical advice and guidance to countries and private partners to support vaccine research and evaluation. Several candidate vaccines are in various phases of trials.
    Prevention and control

    [​IMG] WHO/TDR/Crump

    At present, the only method to control or prevent the transmission of dengue virus is to combat vector mosquitoes through:
    • preventing mosquitoes from accessing egg-laying habitats by environmental management and modification;
    • disposing of solid waste properly and removing artificial man-made habitats;
    • covering, emptying and cleaning of domestic water storage containers on a weekly basis;
    • applying appropriate insecticides to water storage outdoor containers;
    • using of personal household protection such as window screens, long-sleeved clothes, insecticide treated materials, coils and vaporizers;
    • improving community participation and mobilsation for sustained vector control;
    • applying insecticides as space spraying during outbreaks as one of the emergency vector control measures;
    • active monitoring and surveillance of vectors should be carried out to determine effectiveness of control interventions.
     
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  2. Viiksha

    Viiksha Silver IL'ite

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    Thanks for the informative post...
     
  3. ziesha001

    ziesha001 Junior IL'ite

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    Oh Great....Really an Informative Post.....
     
  4. gopinath

    gopinath Silver IL'ite

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    Thank you viiksha & zeisha
     
  5. kav1tha

    kav1tha Gold IL'ite

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    Very Useful Info...
     
  6. rkgurbani

    rkgurbani IL Hall of Fame

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    Thanks a lot for this valuable and timely article. Everyday we read about the increasing number of dengue fever cases in the city. Prevention is always better than cure.
     
  7. riefa

    riefa Bronze IL'ite

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    great job. Very informative dear! Thanks,
     
  8. gopinath

    gopinath Silver IL'ite

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    thank you friends for your replies and applause!

    Gopinath
     
  9. deepd

    deepd Gold IL'ite

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    Thank you Gopi for sharing the useful info... Yash Chopra died because of it!!!!
     
  10. Magee

    Magee Moderator Staff Member Platinum IL'ite

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    Hi,

    Really useful info... Thanks.
     

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